The Copenhagen Accord is widely seen as a slow road to carbon curbs

55 ປະເທດໄດ້ສົ່ງສັດຕະຍາບັນ ຄວບຄຸມ ການປ່ອຍທາດອາຍແກັສ ເຮືອນແກ້ວ(greenhouse gas) ໃຫ້ກອງປະຊຸມດິນຟ້າອາກາດ ຂອງອົງການສະຫະປະຊາຊາດ.

ອີງຕາມ "ສັນຍາໂຄເປຮາເກັນ" ທີ່ຮຽກຮ້ອງໃຫ້ ລັດຖະບານປະເທດຕ່າງໆ ສົ່ງສັດຕະຍາບັນດັ່ງກ່າວ ກ່ອນວັນທີ 31 ມັງກອນ.

ບາງກໍລະນີ ສັດຕະຍາບັນດັງ່ກ່າວ ຍັງມີບາງຈຸດທີ່ຕ້ອງປັບປຸງ ກ່ອນການປະຊຸມລະດັບສູງ.

ວິຊາການຂັ້ນສູງ ຂອງ ຢູເອັນ ກ່າວວ່າ: ສັດຕະຍາບັນດັ່ງກ່າວຄວນມີເນື້ອໃນ ສອດຄ່ອງກັບຂະບວນການ ຂອງ ຢູເອັນ, ແຕ່ກຸ່ມສິ່ງແວດລ້ອມສ່ວນໃຫຍ່

ກ່າວວ່າ ຍັງບໍ່ສອດຄ່ອງເທົ່າທີ່ຄວນ.

Submissions have come from major developed and developing countries, and collectively account for about three-quarters of the world's emissions from energy use.

But few of the smaller, more vulnerable nations have sent in their figures.

"The commitment to confront climate change at the highest level is beyond doubt," said Mr de Boer, executive secretary of the UN climate convention (UNFCCC).

It is the start of the Copenhagen 'greenwash'

"Greater ambition is required to meet the scale of the challenge. But I see these pledges as clear signals of willingness to move negotiations towards a successful conclusion."

Basic instincts

Earlier, UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown had urged governments to send their pledges to the UNFCCC by the 31 January deadline.

"If those countries which agreed the accord in Copenhagen inscribe into it the commitments they made in the run-up to the conference - and I believe it is very much in the global interest that they should do so - the international community will have taken the first steps towards a historic transformation in the trajectory of global emissions," he wrote in an open letter.

The 55 countries sending in pledges include EU member states, US and Japan, as well as the four Basic bloc countries (Brazil, China, India and South Africa) that were the principal architects of the Copenhagen Accord.

Most of them re-iterate pledges made before December's summit; but some are weaker.

The US previously pledged a cut of 17% from 2005 levels by 2020 (equivalent to 3% from the conventional baseline of 1990).

But its current submission promises a cut "in the range of 17%, in conformity with anticipated US energy and climate legislation, recognising that the final target will be reported to the Secretariat in light of enacted legislation".

Canada will also amend its target of 17% to make it align "with the final economy-wide emissions target of the US in enacted legislation".

Australia, the EU and Norway are all currently going for the weak end of the ranges they had previously proposed - 20% rather than 30% in the EU's case - while New Zealand promises no cuts at all in the absence of a comprehensive global deal.

Among developing countries, China re-affirms that its 2020 target is a cut of 40-45% in carbon intensity and that this is to be regarded as voluntary, while India has retreated from a firm pledge to improve its energy intensity to a position where it promises to "endeavour reduce its emissions intensity" by 2020.

By Richard Black
Environment correspondent, BBC News